Under what conditions must an applicant demonstrate harm or fear of harm by the government?

An applicant for asylum must demonstrate harm or fear of harm that is serious and linked to a protected characteristic to qualify for protection under U.S. asylum law. Protected characteristics typically include race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. The significance of this requirement is that it establishes a clear connection between the harm experienced or feared and a recognized ground for asylum. This focus on serious harm ensures that the asylum system is reserved for those facing significant threats due to these protected characteristics, thereby affirming the legitimacy and urgency of their claim.

In contrast, the other options do not adequately address the essential elements required for establishing eligibility for asylum. Minor harm or harm unrelated to nationality does not rise to the level of persecution needed for a successful asylum claim. The applicant residing in a safe country can complicate the claim, as it may suggest that they are not experiencing immediate danger. Lastly, not reporting harm to authorities can undermine a claim, as it may suggest that the applicant did not view the harm as significant or that they do not have a credible fear of future harm, further emphasizing the need for serious and relevant harm connected to a protected characteristic.